9. Light-Reflection and Refraction - Science Class 10 In English
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10. Light-Reflection and Refraction-Additional Questions With Solutions Science Class 10 In English
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9. Light-Reflection and Refraction - Science Class 10 In English
9. Light-Reflection and Refraction
Science
Long Additional Questions With Solutions
Long Additional Questions with Solutions – Chapter 9: Light – Reflection and Refraction
Q1. State the laws of reflection of light. Explain the formation of an image by a plane mirror with its characteristics.
Solution:
Reflection of light is the phenomenon in which light rays bounce back into the same medium after striking a reflecting surface.
Laws of Reflection:
- The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
- The incident ray, reflected ray, and the normal at the point of incidence lie in the same plane.
Image Formation by a Plane Mirror:
- The image is formed behind the mirror.
- It is virtual and erect.
- It is of the same size as the object.
- The image is laterally inverted.
- The image is formed at the same distance behind the mirror as the object is in front of it.
Q2. Explain the formation of images by a concave mirror for different positions of the object.
Solution:
A concave mirror can produce different types of images depending on the position of the object.
- Object at Infinity: Image forms at the focus; highly diminished, real and inverted.
- Beyond Centre of Curvature (C): Image forms between C and F; diminished, real and inverted.
- At Centre of Curvature (C): Image forms at C; same size, real and inverted.
- Between C and F: Image forms beyond C; enlarged, real and inverted.
- At Focus (F): Image forms at infinity; highly enlarged.
- Between Pole (P) and Focus (F): Image forms behind the mirror; virtual, erect and enlarged.
Q3. Describe the image formation by a convex mirror. Why is it used as a rear-view mirror?
Solution:
A convex mirror always forms an image behind the mirror.
- The image is always virtual and erect.
- The image is diminished.
- It provides a wide field of view.
Reason for Use as Rear-view Mirror:
- It allows the driver to see a larger area behind the vehicle.
- The image remains erect.
- It helps reduce blind spots and improves road safety.
Q4. Explain refraction of light. Why does light bend when it passes from one medium to another?
Solution:
Refraction is the bending of light when it passes from one transparent medium to another due to a change in its speed.
When light travels from a rarer medium to a denser medium, its speed decreases and it bends towards the normal. When it travels from a denser medium to a rarer medium, its speed increases and it bends away from the normal.
Applications of Refraction:
- Formation of images by lenses.
- Working of cameras and microscopes.
- Optical fibres.
- Human eye.
Q5. Explain the structure, working and uses of a convex lens.
Solution:
A convex lens is thicker at the centre and thinner at the edges.
It converges parallel rays of light to a point called the principal focus.
Image Formation:
- Produces real and inverted images when the object is beyond the focus.
- Produces a virtual, erect and magnified image when the object is between the focus and the optical centre.
Uses:
- Magnifying glass.
- Microscopes.
- Telescopes.
- Cameras.
- Correcting hypermetropia.
Q6. Explain the structure, working and uses of a concave lens.
Solution:
A concave lens is thinner at the centre and thicker at the edges.
It diverges parallel rays of light, making them appear to originate from the principal focus.
Characteristics of Image:
- Always virtual.
- Always erect.
- Always diminished.
Uses:
- Correcting myopia.
- Door viewers (peepholes).
- Optical instruments.
Q7. What is magnification? Derive the expression for magnification produced by mirrors and lenses.
Solution:
Magnification is the ratio of the height of the image to the height of the object.
For Mirrors:
Magnification (m) = Height of Image / Height of Object = –v/u
For Lenses:
Magnification (m) = Height of Image / Height of Object = v/u
Significance:
- Positive magnification indicates a virtual and erect image.
- Negative magnification indicates a real and inverted image.
- |m| > 1 means enlarged image.
- |m| < 1 means diminished image.
Q8. Explain the concept of power of a lens. State its SI unit and significance.
Solution:
The power of a lens measures its ability to converge or diverge light rays.
It is equal to the reciprocal of the focal length (in metres).
SI Unit: Dioptre (D)
Significance:
- A convex lens has positive power.
- A concave lens has negative power.
- A lens with shorter focal length has greater power.
- Power is used in prescribing spectacles.
Q9. Differentiate between a concave mirror and a convex mirror.
Solution:
| Concave Mirror | Convex Mirror |
|---|---|
| Reflecting surface curves inward. | Reflecting surface curves outward. |
| Can form real or virtual images. | Always forms virtual images. |
| May produce enlarged images. | Always produces diminished images. |
| Used in shaving mirrors and headlights. | Used as rear-view mirrors. |
Q10. Differentiate between a convex lens and a concave lens.
Solution:
| Convex Lens | Concave Lens |
|---|---|
| Thicker at the centre. | Thinner at the centre. |
| Converges light rays. | Diverges light rays. |
| Focal length is positive. | Focal length is negative. |
| Used to correct hypermetropia. | Used to correct myopia. |
| Can form real or virtual images. | Always forms virtual, erect and diminished images. |
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9. Light-Reflection and Refraction - Science Class 10 In English
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