Atomic Foundations of Matter-Atomic Bond - Ionic Bond Science Exploration Class 9 In English-CBSE Notes
Explore NCERT Solutions for Class 9 science exploration Chapter Atomic Foundations of Matter Topic Atomic Bond - Ionic Bond with simple explanations and free ncert solution in English.
Class 9 Science Exploration Exploration Chapter 9 Atomic Foundations of Matter Atomic Bond - Ionic Bond
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All Topics Chapter Atomic Foundations of Matter
- 1. Chapter Review and Key Points
- 2. Lows of Chemical Combination
- 3. The Law of Constant Proportions
- 4. Dalton`s Atomic Theory
- 5. Atomic Bond - Covalent Bond
- 6. Atomic Bond - Ionic Bond
- 7. Exam Booster
- 8. Assignments - What Have You Learned?
Notes
Atomic Foundations of Matter-Atomic Bond - Ionic Bond Science Exploration Class 9 In English-CBSE Notes
Atomic Foundations of Matter
Atomic Bond - Ionic Bond
Chapter 9. Atomic Foundations of Matter
This section explains how ionic bonds are formed through the transfer of electrons. It describes the formation of sodium and chloride ions, the formation of sodium chloride, the structure of ionic compounds and their important properties. Ionic bonding is responsible for the formation of many compounds used in daily life.
Ionic Bond
An ionic bond is formed when one atom transfers one or more electrons to another atom. As a result, positively and negatively charged ions are formed, which are held together by electrostatic forces.
Definition
An ionic bond is the electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions formed due to the transfer of electrons.
Formation of Sodium Ion (Na⁺)
- Sodium has one valence electron.
- It loses one electron to achieve a stable electronic configuration.
- After losing one electron, it becomes a positively charged sodium ion (Na⁺).
Formation of Chloride Ion (Cl⁻)
- Chlorine has seven valence electrons.
- It gains one electron to complete its octet.
- After gaining one electron, it becomes a negatively charged chloride ion (Cl⁻).
Formation of Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
When sodium transfers one electron to chlorine, both atoms attain stable electronic configurations. The oppositely charged ions attract each other and form an ionic bond, producing sodium chloride (NaCl).
Characteristics of Ionic Bonds
- Electron Transfer – Electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
- Ion Formation – Positively charged cations and negatively charged anions are formed.
- Electrostatic Attraction – Opposite charges hold the ions together.
- Stable Electronic Configuration – Both ions attain stable outermost shells.
Properties of Ionic Compounds
- Hard and Crystalline – Ionic compounds usually form hard crystalline solids.
- High Melting and Boiling Points – Strong electrostatic forces require more energy to break.
- Conduct Electricity in Molten or Aqueous State – Free ions carry electric current.
- Usually Soluble in Water – Many ionic compounds dissolve easily in water.
- Do Not Conduct Electricity in Solid State – Ions remain fixed in their positions.
Difference Between Covalent Bond and Ionic Bond
| Covalent Bond | Ionic Bond |
|---|---|
| Formed by sharing of electrons. | Formed by transfer of electrons. |
| Usually formed between non-metals. | Usually formed between a metal and a non-metal. |
| Molecules are formed. | Ions and ionic compounds are formed. |
| No ions are produced. | Positive and negative ions are produced. |
Applications of Ionic Compounds
- Common Salt (NaCl) – Used in cooking and food preservation.
- Calcium Compounds – Used in construction and cement manufacturing.
- Fertilisers – Many fertilisers are ionic compounds.
- Medicines – Several medicinal salts are ionic in nature.
- Industrial Chemicals – Used in chemical industries and laboratories.
ATP Education Concept Builder
Remember that in ionic bonding, electrons are transferred, whereas in covalent bonding, electrons are shared. Sodium becomes a positive ion by losing an electron, while chlorine becomes a negative ion by gaining that electron. The attraction between these oppositely charged ions forms the ionic bond.
ATP Education Exam Booster
- Remember the definition of an ionic bond.
- Learn the formation of Na⁺, Cl⁻ and NaCl.
- Differentiate between covalent and ionic bonds.
- Remember the important properties of ionic compounds.
- Practise electron-transfer diagrams for sodium chloride.
- CBSE competency-based questions often ask students to explain ionic bond formation and compare ionic and covalent compounds.
All Topics Chapter Atomic Foundations of Matter
Atomic Foundations of Matter-Atomic Bond - Ionic Bond Science Exploration Class 9 In English-CBSE Notes
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CBSE Notes for Class 9 science exploration Chapter Atomic Foundations of Matter – Atomic Bond - Ionic Bond
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