7. Control and Coordination-Hormones Science Class 10 In English-CBSE Notes
Explore science cbse notes for Class 10 Chapter 7. Control and Coordination Topic Hormones in English medium for exams preparation.
Class 10 Science Science Chapter 0 7. Control and Coordination । Hormones
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All Topics Chapter 7. Control and Coordination
- 1. Norvous System And Receptors
- 2. Reflex Actions And Human Brain
- 3. Control And Coordination in Plants
- 4. Hormones
- 5. Assignment
Notes
7. Control and Coordination-Hormones Science Class 10 In English-CBSE Notes
7. Control and Coordination
Hormones
Control of the Time and Amount of Hormone Secretion
The time and amount of hormone secretion are controlled by a feedback mechanism. For example, if the blood sugar level increases, the cells of the pancreas detect it and, in response, secrete more insulin. When the blood sugar level decreases, the secretion of insulin also decreases.
Hormones
Hormones are chemical substances that perform the functions of control and coordination in animals and plants.
Formation of Hormones in Animals
In animals, hormones are produced by endocrine glands.
In humans and animals, glands are of two types:
- Endocrine Glands
- Exocrine Glands
(1) Endocrine Glands
The glands that do not have ducts are called endocrine glands. They release hormones directly into the blood.
Examples: Pineal gland, Pituitary gland, Thyroid gland, Parathyroid glands, Thymus gland, Adrenal glands, Pancreas, Ovaries and Testes.
(2) Exocrine Glands
The glands whose secretions are released through ducts are called exocrine glands.
Examples: Lacrimal glands, Salivary glands and Sweat glands.
Human Endocrine Glands, Hormones and Their Functions
1. Pituitary Gland
Hormones: Growth hormone, TSH, FSH, LH, ACTH, etc.
Functions:
- Growth hormone promotes the growth of bones and other body tissues.
- TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones.
- FSH and LH help in the development and functioning of reproductive organs.
- The pituitary gland controls the activities of several other endocrine glands, so it is often called the master gland.
2. Thyroid Gland
Hormones: Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)
Functions:
- Regulates the metabolism of the body.
- Helps in the growth and development of the body.
- Supports the normal functioning of many organs.
3. Parathyroid Glands
Hormone: Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Functions:
- Maintains the calcium level in the blood.
- Helps in the proper functioning of bones and muscles.
4. Adrenal Glands
Hormones: Adrenaline, Cortisol, Aldosterone, etc.
Functions:
- Adrenaline prepares the body to deal with emergency situations and is known as the “fight or flight” hormone.
- Cortisol helps the body respond to stress and regulates metabolism.
- Aldosterone helps maintain salt and water balance in the body.
5. Pancreas
Hormones: Insulin and Glucagon
Functions:
- Insulin lowers the blood glucose level.
- Glucagon increases the blood glucose level.
- Together, they help maintain the normal blood sugar level.
6. Pineal Gland
Hormone: Melatonin
Function:
- Regulates the sleep-wake cycle and biological rhythms of the body.
7. Thymus Gland
Hormone: Thymosin
Functions:
- Helps in the development and maturation of T-lymphocytes (T-cells).
- Supports the immune system.
8. Ovaries
Hormones: Estrogen and Progesterone
Functions:
- Estrogen helps in the development of female secondary sexual characteristics.
- It also helps in the development of female reproductive organs.
- Progesterone helps regulate the menstrual cycle and prepares the uterus for pregnancy.
9. Testes
Hormone: Testosterone
Functions:
- Helps in the development of male secondary sexual characteristics.
- Promotes the development of male reproductive organs.
- Helps in the production of sperms.
Phytohormones or Plant Hormones
The chemical substances that perform the functions of control and coordination in plants are called phytohormones or plant hormones.
There are five main types of plant hormones:
1. Auxins
- Auxins promote cell growth and cell differentiation in plants.
- Auxins promote the growth of fruits.
- They increase the length of cells.
2. Gibberellins
- Gibberellins promote cell growth and cell differentiation in plants.
- They promote the growth of fruits and stems.
3. Cytokinins
- Cytokinins promote cell division in plants.
- They help in the growth and development of plant tissues.
4. Abscisic Acid (ABA)
- It inhibits or regulates the growth of plants.
- It helps control water loss in plants.
- It can promote protein synthesis and is involved in plant stress responses.
5. Ethylene
- Ethylene promotes fruit ripening.
- It can increase the number of female flowers in some plants.
- It helps regulate stem growth and development.
All Topics Chapter 7. Control and Coordination
7. Control and Coordination-Hormones Science Class 10 In English-CBSE Notes
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CBSE Notes for Class 10 science Chapter 7. Control and Coordination – Hormones
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