7. Control and Coordination-Reflex Actions And Human Brain Science Class 10 In English-CBSE Notes
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Class 10 Science Science Chapter 0 7. Control and Coordination । Reflex Actions And Human Brain
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All Topics Chapter 7. Control and Coordination
- 1. Norvous System And Receptors
- 2. Reflex Actions And Human Brain
- 3. Control And Coordination in Plants
- 4. Hormones
- 5. Assignment
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7. Control and Coordination-Reflex Actions And Human Brain Science Class 10 In English-CBSE Notes
7. Control and Coordination
Reflex Actions And Human Brain
प्रतिवर्ती क्रिया :
किसी उद्दीपन के प्रति, मस्तिष्क के हस्तक्षेप के बिना, अचानक अनुक्रिया, प्रतिवर्ती क्रिया कहलाती है |
ये क्रियाएँ स्वत: होने वाली क्रियाएँ है जो जीव की इच्छा के बिना ही होती है |
उदाहरण:
(i) किसी गर्म वस्तु को छूने से जलने पर तुरंत हाथ हटा लेना |
(ii) खाना देखकर मुँह में पानी का आ जाना
(iii) सुई चुभाने पर हाथ का हट जाना आदि |
प्रतिवर्ती क्रियाओं का नियंत्रण: सभी प्रतिवर्ती क्रियाएँ मेरुरज्जू के द्वारा नियंत्रित होती है |
ऐच्छिक क्रियाएँ: वे सभी क्रियाएँ जिस पर हमारा नियंत्रण होता है, ऐच्छिक क्रियाएँ कहलाती हैं |
जैसे- बोलना, चलना, लिखना आदि |
ऐच्छिक क्रियाओं का नियंत्रण: ऐच्छिक क्रियाएँ हमारी इच्छा और सोंचने से होती है इसलिए इसका नियंत्रण हमारे सोचने वाला भाग अग्र-मस्तिष्क के द्वारा होता है |
अनैच्छिक क्रियाएँ : वे सभी क्रियाएँ जो स्वत: होती रहती है जिनपर हमारा कोई नियंत्रण नहीं होता है | अनैच्छिक क्रियाएँ कहलाती है |
जैसे: ह्रदय का धड़कना, साँस का लेना, भोजन का पचना आदि |
अनैच्छिक क्रियाओं का नियंत्रण: अनैच्छिक क्रियाएँ मध्य-मस्तिष्क व पश्च-मस्तिष्क के द्वारा नियंत्रित होती हैं |
प्रतिवर्ती चाप : प्रतिवर्ती क्रियाओं के आगम संकेतों पता लगाने और निर्गम क्रियाओं के करने के लिए संवेदी तंत्रिका कोशिका और प्रेरित तंत्रिका कोशिका मेरूरज्जु के साथ मिलकर एक पथ का निर्माण करती है जिसे प्रतिवर्ती चाप कहते है |
जन्तुओं में प्रतिवर्ती चाप एक दक्ष प्रणाली अथवा जंतुओं में प्रतिवर्ती चाप की उपयोगिता :
अधिकतर जंतुओं में प्रतिवर्ती चाप इसलिए विकसित हुआ है क्योंकि इनके मस्तिष्क के सोचने का प्रक्रम बहुत तेज नहीं है। वास्तव में अधिकांश जंतुओं में सोचने के लिए आवश्यक जटिल न्यूराॅन जाल या तो अल्प है या अनुपस्थित होता है। अतः यह स्पष्ट है कि वास्तविक विचार प्रक्रम की अनुपस्थिति में प्रतिवर्ती चाप का दक्ष कार्य प्रणाली के रूप में विकास हुआ है। यद्यपि जटिल न्यूराॅन जाल के अस्तित्व में आने के बाद भी प्रतिवर्ती चाप तुरंत अनुक्रिया के लिए एक अधिक दक्ष प्रणाली के रूप में कार्य करता है।
अर्थात जन्तुओं में सोंचने की शक्ति बहुत कम या क्षीण होती है जिससें वे तुरन्त अनुक्रिया कर अपना बचाव नही कर सकते है। अतः इस कमी को पुरा करने के लिए अधिकतर जन्तुओं में प्रतिवर्ती चाप एक दक्ष प्रणाली के रूप में कार्य करता है।
Human Brain: The human brain is a very large part of the nervous system, which is made up of nerve cells. Along with the spinal cord, it forms the central nervous system.
Spinal Cord: The spinal cord is a cylindrical bundle of nerve fibres. It passes through the vertebral column (spine) from the brain towards the coccyx. It connects all parts of the body with the nervous system and, along with the brain, forms the central nervous system.
Functions:
(i) They receive information from all parts of the body and integrate it.
(ii) They send messages to the muscles.
(iii) The brain allows us to think and enables us to perform actions based on our thoughts.
(iv) All reflex actions are controlled by the spinal cord.
(v) All voluntary and involuntary activities are controlled by the brain.
Cranium: The cranium is the part of the human skull that protects the brain. The brain is located inside the cranium.
Meninges: The meninges are a protective covering made up of three thin membranes that protect the human brain from internal injuries. A fluid is present within these layers, which is called Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF). It extends from the brain to the spinal cord.
CSF (Cerebrospinal Fluid): It is a fluid found between the layers of the meninges. It protects the brain from internal injuries and helps protect the brain and spinal cord from mechanical shocks.
Parts of the Brain and Their Functions:
The Parts of Brain and Their Functions:
1. Forebrain: It is the main thinking part of the brain. It contains areas that receive sensory impulses from different receptors. It has specialised areas for hearing, seeing and smelling. It controls the movement of voluntary muscles. It also contains a centre associated with hunger.
2. Midbrain: It is involved in controlling various involuntary activities and reflex responses of the body.
3. Hindbrain: It also controls involuntary activities. Various involuntary activities such as blood pressure, salivation and vomiting are controlled by the medulla located in the hindbrain.
The hindbrain consists of three main centres:
(i) Cerebellum: It coordinates and refines voluntary movements and controls the posture and balance of the body. For example, walking in a straight line, riding a bicycle and picking up a pencil.
(ii) Pons: It plays an important role in regulating and controlling the process of respiration.
(iii) Medulla Oblongata: It controls various involuntary activities such as blood pressure, salivation and vomiting.
Nervous System:
Parts of the Nervous System:
All Topics Chapter 7. Control and Coordination
7. Control and Coordination-Reflex Actions And Human Brain Science Class 10 In English-CBSE Notes
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CBSE Notes for Class 10 science Chapter 7. Control and Coordination – Reflex Actions And Human Brain
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