Exploring Mixtures and their Separation-Various Filtration Methods Science Exploration Class 9 In English-CBSE Notes


Last Updated : August 2, 2026

Explore NCERT Solutions for Class 9 science exploration Chapter Exploring Mixtures and their Separation Topic Various Filtration Methods with simple explanations and free ncert solution in English.

Class 9 Science Exploration Exploration Chapter 5 Exploring Mixtures and their Separation Various Filtration Methods

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Exploring Mixtures and their Separation-Various Filtration Methods Science Exploration Class 9 In English-CBSE Notes

Exploring Mixtures and their Separation

Various Filtration Methods

Chapter 5. Exploring Mixtures and their Separation

This section explains the different physical methods used for separating the components of mixtures. These methods are selected according to the properties of the substances such as particle size, density, solubility, boiling point and magnetic nature.

17. Principles of Separation

Different mixtures require different separation methods because the components differ in their physical properties. By selecting a suitable method, useful substances can be recovered without changing their chemical nature.

Physical Properties Used for Separation

  • Particle Size – Used in filtration and sieving.
  • Density – Used in sedimentation, decantation and separating funnel.
  • Solubility – Used in crystallisation and evaporation.
  • Boiling Point – Used in distillation and fractional distillation.
  • Magnetic Property – Used to separate magnetic substances from non-magnetic substances.

18. Sedimentation

When a mixture of an insoluble solid and a liquid is left undisturbed, the heavier solid particles settle at the bottom due to gravity.

Definition

Sedimentation is the process in which heavier insoluble particles settle at the bottom of a liquid under the action of gravity.

Applications

  • Removing sand from muddy water.
  • Purification of river water.
  • Water treatment plants.

19. Decantation

After sedimentation, the clear liquid present above the settled particles is carefully poured into another container.

Definition

Decantation is the process of separating a clear liquid from settled solid particles by carefully pouring it into another container.

Applications

  • Separating muddy water.
  • Removing oil floating over water.
  • Laboratory separation processes.

20. Filtration

Filtration is used to separate insoluble solid particles from a liquid by passing the mixture through a filter medium.

Definition

Filtration is the process of separating insoluble solids from liquids using filter paper or another porous material.

Main Parts

  • Residue – Insoluble solid left on the filter paper.
  • Filtrate – Clear liquid that passes through the filter paper.

Applications

  • Preparing tea.
  • Water purification.
  • Laboratory experiments.

21. Evaporation

Evaporation is commonly used to obtain dissolved solids from a solution. During this process, the solvent changes into vapour, leaving the dissolved solid behind.

Definition

Evaporation is the process of converting a liquid into vapour to obtain the dissolved solid.

Applications

  • Obtaining common salt from seawater.
  • Preparation of crystals.
  • Chemical industries.

22. Crystallisation

Crystallisation is used to obtain pure solid crystals from a saturated solution. It is preferred when a pure solid is required.

Definition

Crystallisation is the process of obtaining pure crystals of a substance from its saturated solution.

Advantages

  • Produces Pure Crystals
  • Removes Soluble Impurities
  • Prevents Decomposition of Heat-sensitive Solids

Applications

  • Preparation of copper sulphate crystals.
  • Purification of common salt.
  • Manufacture of medicines.

23. Difference Between Evaporation and Crystallisation

Evaporation Crystallisation
Obtains dissolved solid by removing the solvent. Obtains pure crystals from a saturated solution.
Purity may be lower. Produces highly pure crystals.
Simple and faster. Requires slow cooling and crystal formation.
Used for common salt production. Used in laboratories and industries.

24. Centrifugation

Centrifugation is used to separate very fine suspended particles from a liquid by spinning the mixture at high speed.

Definition

Centrifugation is the process of separating substances based on differences in density using rapid spinning.

Applications

  • Separating cream from milk.
  • Blood testing in laboratories.
  • Medical and research laboratories.

25. Magnetic Separation

Magnetic separation is used when one component of a mixture is magnetic while the other is non-magnetic.

Definition

Magnetic separation is the process of separating magnetic materials from non-magnetic materials using a magnet.

Applications

  • Separating iron filings from sand.
  • Recycling industries.
  • Mining operations.

26. Choosing the Correct Separation Method

Mixture Suitable Method
Sand + Water Filtration
Muddy Water Sedimentation and Decantation
Salt + Water Evaporation / Crystallisation
Milk + Cream Centrifugation
Iron Filings + Sand Magnetic Separation

ATP Education Tip

For CBSE examinations, remember the principle behind each separation technique instead of only memorising its name. Filtration → Particle Size, Sedimentation → Density, Evaporation → Volatility of Solvent, Crystallisation → Difference in Solubility, Centrifugation → Density Difference, Magnetic Separation → Magnetic Property. Selecting the correct method for a given mixture is one of the most frequently asked competency-based questions.

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Exploring Mixtures and their Separation-Various Filtration Methods Science Exploration Class 9 In English-CBSE Notes


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CBSE Notes for Class 9 science exploration Chapter Exploring Mixtures and their Separation – Various Filtration Methods

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