Chapter 3: Climates of India-Quick Revising Notes Social Science Part-1 Class 7 In English-CBSE Notes
Explore NCERT Solutions for Class 7 social science part-1 Chapter Chapter 3: Climates of India Topic Quick Revising Notes with simple explanations and free ncert solution in English.
Chapter 3: Climates of India-Quick Revising Notes Social Science Part-1 Class 7 In English-CBSE Notes
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Chapter 3: Climates of India-Quick Revising Notes Social Science Part-1 Class 7 In English-CBSE Notes
Chapter 3: Climates of India
Quick Revising Notes
Quick Revision Notes – Climates of India
Weather, Seasons and Climate
- Weather is the day-to-day condition of the atmosphere.
- Climate is the long-term pattern of weather in a region over many years.
- Seasons occur due to the Earth's revolution around the Sun.
- India experiences six traditional seasons (Ritus).
Six Traditional Indian Seasons
- Vasanta (Spring)
- Grishma (Summer)
- Varsha (Rainy Season)
- Sharad (Autumn)
- Hemanta (Pre-Winter)
- Shishira (Winter)
Types of Climate in India
- Alpine Climate – Himalayas; snowy winters and cool summers.
- Temperate Climate – Hill stations; moderate temperatures.
- Subtropical Climate – Northern Plains; hot summers and cold winters.
- Arid Climate – Thar Desert; very hot and dry.
- Tropical Wet Climate – Western Coast; heavy rainfall.
- Semi-Arid Climate – Deccan Plateau; moderate rainfall.
- Tropical Climate – Eastern India and Southern Peninsula.
Factors Affecting Climate
1. Latitude
- Places near the Equator are hotter.
- Temperature decreases as latitude increases.
- Southern India is generally warmer than Northern India.
2. Altitude
- Temperature decreases with increasing height.
- Hill stations are cooler than nearby plains.
- Examples: Ooty, Shimla, Darjeeling, Nainital.
3. Distance from the Sea
- Sea moderates temperature.
- Coastal areas have moderate climate.
- Interior areas experience extreme temperatures.
- Mumbai is more moderate than Nagpur.
4. Winds
- Winds influence temperature and rainfall.
- Sea winds bring moisture and rain.
- Desert winds bring hot and dry conditions.
5. Topography
- Mountains, valleys, plateaus and deserts affect climate.
- Himalayas block cold winds from Central Asia.
- Western Ghats influence monsoon rainfall.
Microclimate
- A local climate different from surrounding areas.
- Found in forests, valleys and cities.
- Urban Heat Islands are examples of microclimates.
Monsoons
- Monsoon means seasonal winds.
- The word comes from Arabic word "Mausim" meaning season.
- Monsoons are very important for India's agriculture.
Southwest Monsoon (Summer Monsoon)
- Begins in early June.
- Winds blow from sea to land.
- Bring heavy rainfall across India.
- Advance from south to north.
Northeast Monsoon (Winter Monsoon)
- Winds blow from land to sea.
- Generally dry.
- Bring rainfall to Tamil Nadu and parts of southeast India.
Interesting Facts
- Mawsynram (Meghalaya) receives the highest average rainfall in the world.
- Average annual rainfall is about 11,000 mm.
- Monsoons inspire classical ragas like Meghmalhar and Amritavarshini.
Climate and Human Life
- Climate affects agriculture.
- Climate influences festivals and traditions.
- Many Indian festivals are linked with seasons and crops.
- Examples: Baisakhi, Pongal, Onam, Lohri, Bihu.
Climate and Economy
- Good monsoon supports agriculture.
- Poor monsoon causes crop failure.
- Water shortages increase during droughts.
- Food prices may rise during monsoon failure.
Climate-Related Disasters
Cyclones
- Form due to low-pressure systems over the sea.
- Bring strong winds and heavy rainfall.
- The calm centre is called the Eye of the Cyclone.
Floods
- Occur when water overflows onto land.
- Caused by heavy rainfall and river overflow.
- Common in Bihar, Assam, Kerala and Uttar Pradesh.
Landslides
- Sudden movement of rocks and soil down slopes.
- Triggered by heavy rainfall and earthquakes.
- Common in Himalayan and hilly regions.
Forest Fires
- Spread rapidly in dry conditions.
- Damage forests, wildlife and air quality.
- Often caused by drought and human carelessness.
Climate Change
- Long-term change in climate patterns.
- Mainly caused by human activities.
- Burning fossil fuels increases greenhouse gases.
- Leads to global warming.
- Causes extreme weather events.
Steps to Reduce Climate Change
- Plant more trees.
- Use renewable energy.
- Reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
- Promote sustainable lifestyles.
- Improve energy efficiency.
Important Terms
- Weather: Day-to-day atmospheric condition.
- Climate: Long-term weather pattern.
- Monsoon: Seasonal wind system.
- Topography: Physical features of an area.
- Microclimate: Localized climate of a small area.
- Cyclone: Strong rotating storm around a low-pressure centre.
- Resilience: Ability to recover from difficulties.
- Mitigation: Actions taken to reduce climate change.
- Sustainable: Able to continue for a long time without harming the environment.
Exam Booster Facts
- Weather is short-term; climate is long-term.
- Monsoon begins in India in June.
- Himalayas protect India from cold winds.
- Sea moderates coastal temperatures.
- Mawsynram receives the highest rainfall in the world.
- Eye is the calm centre of a cyclone.
- Climate change is mainly caused by human activities.
- Monsoons are the backbone of Indian agriculture.
All Topics Chapter Chapter 3: Climates of India
Chapter 3: Climates of India-Quick Revising Notes Social Science Part-1 Class 7 In English-CBSE Notes
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CBSE Notes for Class 7 social science part-1 Chapter Chapter 3: Climates of India – Quick Revising Notes
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