Chapter 1: Geographical Diversity of India-Quick Revising Notes Social Science Part-1 Class 7 In English-CBSE Notes
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Chapter 1: Geographical Diversity of India-Quick Revising Notes Social Science Part-1 Class 7 In English-CBSE Notes
Chapter 1: Geographical Diversity of India
Quick Revising Notes
Quick Revision Notes – Geographical Diversity of India
India at a Glance
- India is the 7th largest country in the world.
- It is a part of Asia and forms the Indian Subcontinent.
- India is often called a “Mini-Continent” because of its great geographical diversity.
- Its geography has shaped India's climate, culture, economy, and civilisation.
Major Physical Features of India
- The Himalayas
- The Northern (Gangetic) Plains
- The Thar Desert
- The Peninsular Plateau
- The Coastal Plains
- The Islands
- The Hills of Northeast India
The Himalayas
- The Himalayas form a natural barrier in northern India.
- Length: About 2,500 km.
- Source of major rivers like Ganga, Indus, and Brahmaputra.
- Called the “Water Tower of Asia”.
- Protect India from cold winds.
Three Ranges of the Himalayas:
- Himadri – Highest range, permanently snow-covered.
- Himachal – Hill stations like Shimla and Darjeeling.
- Shivalik – Lowest range with forests and wildlife.
Cold Desert of India
- Ladakh is the Cold Desert of India.
- Receives very little rainfall.
- Famous for Pangong Tso Lake.
- Known as “Moonland”.
- Home to Snow Leopard and Yak.
The Gangetic Plains
- Formed by rivers Ganga, Indus, Brahmaputra and their tributaries.
- Most fertile region of India.
- Densely populated area.
- Major agricultural region.
- Excellent transport and trade network.
The Great Indian Desert (Thar Desert)
- Located mainly in Rajasthan.
- Characterised by sand dunes.
- Hot days and cold nights.
- Low rainfall and water scarcity.
- People use traditional water conservation methods like Taanka and Kunds.
The Aravalli Hills
- One of the oldest mountain ranges in the world.
- Prevents the spread of the Thar Desert towards the east.
- Rich in minerals like zinc, copper, marble, and granite.
- Home to famous forts such as Kumbhalgarh and Chittorgarh.
The Peninsular Plateau
- A triangular plateau in central and southern India.
- One of the oldest landforms of India.
- Rich in minerals, forests, and natural resources.
- Bounded by the Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats.
Important Rivers:
- Godavari
- Krishna
- Kaveri
- Mahanadi
- Narmada
- Tapti
Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats
- Western Ghats are higher and continuous.
- Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- Eastern Ghats are lower and discontinuous.
- Both are important for biodiversity and rivers.
India’s Coastlines
- Total coastline length is more than 7,500 km.
- West Coast lies along the Arabian Sea.
- East Coast lies along the Bay of Bengal.
- Many important ports and trade centres are located here.
Deltas
- Formed by deposition of river sediments.
- Very fertile for agriculture.
- Major deltas:
- Godavari Delta
- Krishna Delta
- Kaveri Delta
- Mahanadi Delta
- Ganga-Brahmaputra Delta
Indian Islands
Lakshadweep Islands
- Located in the Arabian Sea.
- Made of coral reefs.
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
- Located in the Bay of Bengal.
- Contain India's only active volcano at Barren Island.
- Famous for Cellular Jail.
Sundarbans
- Located in the Ganga-Brahmaputra Delta.
- Largest mangrove forest region.
- Home to the Royal Bengal Tiger.
- UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Hills of Northeast India
- Includes Garo, Khasi, and Jaintia Hills.
- Receives some of the highest rainfall in the world.
- Known for waterfalls, forests, and living root bridges.
Important Facts for Revision
- Highest mountain range in India – Himalayas
- Cold Desert of India – Ladakh
- Largest desert in India – Thar Desert
- Oldest mountain range – Aravalli Hills
- Only active volcano in India – Barren Island
- Largest mangrove forest – Sundarbans
- Cleanest village in Asia – Mawlynnong (Meghalaya)
- Western Ghats – UNESCO World Heritage Site
- India's coastline – 7,500+ km
- India is called a Mini-Continent due to geographical diversity.
All Topics Chapter Chapter 1: Geographical Diversity of India
Chapter 1: Geographical Diversity of India-Quick Revising Notes Social Science Part-1 Class 7 In English-CBSE Notes
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