Chapter 4. EXECUTIVE-Chapter-4 Political Science Class 11 In English-CBSE Notes

Executive:
He is part of the executive government, laws and regulations made by the Legislature implements . The president is the executive head of the state - such as the President and all the ministers and bureaucrats are the executive governor .
Executive functions:
(1) to implement government policies and laws made by legislative bodies put into practice .
(2) the executive branch of government in the lawmaking process helps .
(3) conducts relations with the executive states .
(4) The various types of treaties and agreements that execution .
(5) in all countries of the Supreme Commander of the armed forces of the country's president, but he does not participate in any Yudhy .
Executive type:
1. Parliamentary Government - in countries with a parliamentary system of executive function is the name of the king or the president, but only nominal powers are . They formally work . President of the Executive Council of Ministers, which is the actual name of the king or the government run . Example - UK, India, Canada and Japan .
2. Chairman's government - presidential system, the president is the only real powers . Presidential system is working in countries where there are only advisory to the president, secretary or ministers . Only the president is responsible for the central administration . - Like the United States, Brazil, Peru, Costa Rica, etc. .
3. The semi-presidential system - presidential, parliamentary and semi-presidential system is composed of a combination of both systems . Russia, France and the system is working in Sri Lanka . The broad powers to the president is directly elected . He appoints the Prime Minister is taken by the Parliament . The balance of power between the two is .

The drawbacks of the Indian Parliamentary system - 

the possibility of a hung Parliament remains . The reason is to have multi-party system in India . Times in which no party gets a clear majority . It is also called the political instability .
Due to the adoption of a parliamentary system in India:
(1) If the lime directly to the President, he becomes very powerful and he can become autocratic dictator or .
(2) In a large country like India, the direct election of the president will create enough chaos .
(3) Indian politicians had more experience of the British political system and that they were impressed .
(4) The system has been successful in difficult times and there is no harm in it .

The age and tenure for president:
Minimum & 2370 presidential contest, the minimum age should be 35 years and elected a president's term is 5 years . Any former president re-election is .
President of the impeachment process:
President gets impeached him for his removal from office, it is then a violation of the Constitution that the President . On the impeachment of the President of either House of Parliament, whether it can be presented to the Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha . More than two-thirds majority in the House the proposal to require . More than two-thirds majority in the House if the proposal is received by the House on the other charges made against him are checked . the other two-thirds majority in the House accepted the charges if the President your post will shrink .
• So far, any president has not been impeached .
President's powers or functions:
(1) The President's executive powers:
(I) The President has the executive powers of the center . He appoints the prime minister and all other ministers on the advice of the prime minister is appointed .
(Ii) the President of India, the Attorney General, Comptroller and Auditor General, the Supreme Court and judges of high Nyalayyon, governors, ambassadors and other diplomatic representatives abroad appoints .
(Iii) at the center of President's Rule in the state complete control .
(2) President's legislative powers:
(I) The President is an integral part of Parliament and the House calls IK session may postpone .
(Ii) the President may dissolve Parliament at any time .
(Iii) introducing a Bill in Parliament to make laws and the president's approval is required .
(Iv) under Article 123 of the Constitution, the President has the power to issue ordinances .
(V) any bill became law without the President's signature is .
(3) The President's judicial powers:
(I) the President the power to pardon a person sentenced is Yafta .
(Ii) the President for clemency or conditional pardon to a convicted person may complete .
(Iii) any of its powers or duties to the President of the Court is not Jbabdeh .
(Iv) the President of the country can not be tried in any court .
(4) the President's emergency powers:
(I) in the event of war or external aggression or armed rebellion, the president can declare a state of emergency .
(Ii) the constitutional crisis in the states of emergency, the President can declare .
(Iii) in the event of financial crisis, the President may declare a state of emergency .
(Iv) When a state of emergency in the constitutional mechanism stops working or if the president can declare 

President's Rule:
Vice President:
Not until his next successor takes office Gran remains in office until he .
Vice President from his office deletion:
Vice President can be removed by a resolution of the House, provided that Parliament also accepted the proposal to be . There is no provision for the imposition of President's impeachment .
The vice-president:
The vice-president is by the single transferable vote system . It varies from election for president . It is attended by the legislatures of both Houses of Parliament, there is no role .
Oath of office administered by Vice President of India, is .
Functions and powers of Vice Pressident:
(I) The Vice President serves as a Rajya Sabha-husband .
(Ii) as Chairman of Rajya Sabha proceedings run .
(Iii) upon the death of the president, the president's resignation, the President's absence, the Vice President of the removal or for any longer be able to assume the presidency .
Prime minister:
The Prime Minister, who is chairman of a Mntreeprisd president serves for support and advice . The Prime Minister is the head of the President on the advice of the Executive active works .
Prime Minister's term is 5 years . He is the leader of a party or coalition . That person could be prime minister, which is the majority in the Lok Sabha . 272 members in the Lok Sabha for the majority he must .
Functions and powers of the Prime Minister:
(I) acts as a link between the Prime Minister, the President and Cabinet .
(Ii) the decisions of the Cabinet to the President gives information .
(Iii) to elect the Prime Minister, his Cabinet ministers and the president is appointed .
(Iv) the Cabinet of Prime Minister presides . If the prime minister resigned all his Cabinet's resignation is considered .
(V) in the Prime Minister's position is unique in Parliament . Parliament calls on the advice of the president and suspend .
(Vi) the President on the advice of the Prime Minister has dissolved Parliament .
(Vii) the principal spokesman of the government is the Prime Minister in Parliament .
(Viii) the prime country represents all international conferences .

Chief Minister:
He is the head of the State Executive Council . He is appointed governor by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister and other ministers are appointed . The party that has a majority in the assembly of the team leader is the chief minister . The term is 5 years .
Functions and Powers of the Chief:
(I) He serves as a link between the Governor and the Council of Ministers .
(Ii) the decisions of the council is to pass information to the governor .
(Iii) the chief ministers are free to choose their partners is .
(Iv) he may ask for the resignation of any minister .
(V) He is the leader of the State Assembly .
(Vi) information that the administration must present the governor asks him .
Governor :
A state governor is appointed by the President . He is the Chairman of the Executive . This should be a person who has a long experience of public life and administration, on which it is believed that he will work to rise above party loyalties . A person appointed as Governor of two or more states can be .
Functions and Powers of the Governor:
(I) as the constitutional head of the state government and central government acts as an agent .
(Ii) the appointment of the Chief Minister and other Ministers of State on the advice of the Chief Minister appoints .
(Iii) the leader of the majority party to form the government invites .
(Iv) government all work is done in the name of the Governor .
(V) the appointment of high court judges and members of the state Public Service Commission appoints .
(Vi) the Governor of the State Legislature session suspend and dissolve the assembly session calls and does .
(Vii) the bill is approved .
(Viii) any money bill can not be introduced without the permission of the Governor .
(Ix) State in all matters falling under the jurisdiction of the person convicted of any offense can donate spare.
Bureaucracy:
The executive also said the civil service bureaucracy by their permanent appointment is made permanently . They are not elected by the public .
 
Ie the role of the civil service bureaucrats .
(I) civil service in public policy formulation and analysis of problems is to recommend to the Council of Ministers .
(Ii) the administrative work is handled quickly and policies is implemented .
(Iii) The role of developmental and welfare activities are bucking .
(Iv) implement the five-year plan and the government's help in getting done .
India elected administration:

The age and tenure for president:
Minimum & 2370 presidential contest, the minimum age should be 35 years and elected a president's term is 5 years . Any former president re-election is .
President of the impeachment process:
President gets impeached him for his removal from office, it is then a violation of the Constitution that the President . On the impeachment of the President of either House of Parliament, whether it can be presented to the Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha . More than two-thirds majority in the House the proposal to require . More than two-thirds majority in the House if the proposal is received by the House on the other charges made against him are checked . the other two-thirds majority in the House accepted the charges if the President your post will shrink .
• So far, any president has not been impeached .
President's powers or functions:
(1) The President's executive powers:
(I) The President has the executive powers of the center . He appoints the prime minister and all other ministers on the advice of the prime minister is appointed .
(Ii) the President of India, the Attorney General, Comptroller and Auditor General, the Supreme Court and judges of high Nyalayyon, governors, ambassadors and other diplomatic representatives abroad appoints .
(Iii) at the center of President's Rule in the state complete control .
(2) President's legislative powers:
(I) The President is an integral part of Parliament and the House calls IK session may postpone .
(Ii) the President may dissolve Parliament at any time .
(Iii) introducing a Bill in Parliament to make laws and the president's approval is required .
(Iv) under Article 123 of the Constitution, the President has the power to issue ordinances .
(V) any bill became law without the President's signature is .
(3) The President's judicial powers:
(I) the President the power to pardon a person sentenced is Yafta .
(Ii) the President for clemency or conditional pardon to a convicted person may complete .
(Iii) any of its powers or duties to the President of the Court is not Jbabdeh .
(Iv) the President of the country can not be tried in any court .
(4) the President's emergency powers:
(I) in the event of war or external aggression or armed rebellion, the president can declare a state of emergency .
(Ii) the constitutional crisis in the states of emergency, the President can declare .
(Iii) in the event of financial crisis, the President may declare a state of emergency .
(Iv) When a state of emergency in the constitutional mechanism stops working or if the president can declare 

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